Brigid Schulte
Director, Better Life Lab
When I was finishing my book on time pressure and modern life and casting about for ideas for a book cover, a well-meaning editor of mine said he had a great one: 鈥淧icture this,鈥 he said excitedly, 鈥淎 woman in a business suit and high heels in soft focus. Steering a grocery cart.鈥
I groaned. The idea screamed 鈥淔or Women Only.鈥 And for too long, that鈥檚 where we鈥檝e been stuck as a society when it comes to thinking about how we work and live. As if it only mattered to harried, overwhelmed women. As if failing to manage it all with aplomb has been simply a failing in women. As if the answer were simply for women to go back home, or take a bubble bath and quit whining. Everyone else鈥攖hat is to say, men鈥攈ad this work-life thing wired.
Except, of course, they don鈥檛. Which is why my wish for 2016 is this: It鈥檚 time to Get Real. Time to break these so-called 鈥渨ork-life鈥 issues out of the Mommy Zone and into the Mainstream where they鈥檝e always belonged. Time to finally start making the workplace, culture and policy changes we all men, women, people with kids or aging parents, people without them, married and single, Millennial, Gen X, Baby Boomer, middle class, working class, rich, poor鈥攏eed to live our best lives.
There鈥檚 no doubt, as , that women are time-starved and stretched and still expected to assume most responsibility not just for the housework and child care, but for the mentally taxing tasks of planning and organizing it all, often even when they鈥檙e the primary breadwinner.
But let鈥檚 get real: Women aren鈥檛 the only ones feeling overwhelmed, stressed out and stuck. Recent have found that men, too, are not only stressed by the conflicting demands of work and life, but that they鈥檙e more stressed out about it than women. Why? Because our workplace cultures are set up to reward those who have no life, those who work like a Wall Street dealmaker with a perpetual billion dollar deal on, or those willing to sleep under their desks like at a high-tech in 24-7 start up mode.
Those insane demands and outsize rewards for meeting them have put women in a tough spot: if caregiving responsibilities keep them from working all hours, they鈥檙e seen as less committed. If they do work those hours, they鈥檙e dinged for shirking family responsibilities. But the demands are also punishing to men who openly try to be more fully involved in home, and more than a 鈥渄istant paycheck.鈥 They can be passed over for promotion, or fired.
And what are those long work hours for? Let鈥檚 get real: The United States works of any advanced economy, but it is not the most . That efficiency goes to countries like Norway. Economists like Stanford鈥檚 John Pencavel have found a 鈥濃攖hat productivity drops steeply after a 50-hour work week, and drops off a cliff after 55 hours鈥攁nd that exhausted employees are not only unproductive, but are also more prone to costly 鈥渆rrors, accidents, and sickness.鈥 鈥淚s it possible,鈥 Pencavel wrote, 鈥渢hat employers were unaware that hours could be reduced without loss of output?鈥
And, though we like to think that technology and information overload is what鈥檚 keeping us tied to work, Indiana University sociologist Youngjoo Cha has found that work hours started Some feminist scholars have noted that work hours started to get crazy about a decade after women entered the workforce en masse, right when they would have been ready to rise into positions of power. Could it be, they ask, that these punishing work hours are simply another way to keep both men and women stuck in traditional gender roles?
And let鈥檚 get really real: That, not productivity, is what long hours are accomplishing. Research is finding that do better work. Neuroscience shows that inspiration, insight and creative thinking come not by putting in long, grinding hours, but by regularly a break, and being . And let鈥檚 remember that the wolves of Wall Street bragging about those long hours at the office got us into a global financial crisis, and that
When we talk about flexible work, what image comes to mind? It鈥檚 that same dang woman with the 鈥80s shoulder pads and grocery cart, right? Yet let鈥檚 get real: Ellen Galinsky, head of The Families and Work Institute, told me that their research shows that men actually work more flexible schedules than women do. Men even telecommute more than women. Why? Because more men are in positions of power. Affinity bias, or the Old Boys Network, ensures that men stay in those positions of power. And when you have power, you can control your time.聽
So let鈥檚 stop talking about how women lack ambition, or that they don鈥檛 have the drive 鈥 or the capability 鈥 to get to the corner office. Let鈥檚 get real: It鈥檚 time to carve different paths to the top, to redesign the way we work for everyone, even in the corner office, to reward focus, not multi-tasking, to value effectiveness, performance and results, and not wear our long hours in the office like a badge of honor.
Let鈥檚 stop writing headlines about how workers are getting when a company announces a new paid leave policy, or how a successful company workers if the work culture is organized around effective work, and values employees who have full lives outside of work 鈥攚ith on site child care, sabbaticals for volunteer work, lunch time yoga classes or surfing and office doors that are locked over the weekend to keep people from coming to work.
When I was reporting in Denmark, a country about as productive per hour as the United States, even with more than a month of vacation鈥攚hich, unlike our nation of everyone takes鈥攔ather than rewarding long hours of work, people who can鈥檛 get their work done in 37.5 hours in a week are seen as inefficient. They get their work done. They spend time with their families. They enjoy some of the longest stretches of uninterrupted, quality leisure time of people in any advanced economy. I sat in on 鈥渃atalogue classes鈥 that are widely available to all, simply 鈥渇or the wisdom and enjoyment of humanity.鈥 Denmark also has generous paid parental leave for men and women. Universal, high quality child care. A minister of Gender Equality in the cabinet. And the Danes are, not surprisingly, the happiest people, with the happiest children, of any country in the world.
So let鈥檚 get real: Denmark is not Shangri-La. The United States is one of the wealthiest, diverse and most dynamic countries on earth. But we are also the only advanced economy with no national paid leave program for the parents of newborn children, for people who get sick, as people do, or for people who must increasingly care for aging parents. Some states have figured out their own schemes, paid for entirely by workers, and have found healthier families, happier and more loyal workers, virtually no fraud (as opposed business groups predicted), and a neutral to positive effect on business productivity and bottom line.
Issues like paid leave and accessible child care are finally making their way into the presidential election. For the first time ever, both Republican and Democratic candidates are not only talking about these work-life policies as key to healthy families, communities and a robust economy, but putting forward proposals.
Some lawmakers balk at the idea of national policies, and say that the decision about paid leave should be left up to the private sector, and that child care is the private responsibility of individual families. But let鈥檚 get real: Right now, of the civilian U.S. workforce has access to paid parental leave. That鈥檚 up from 12 percent last year, the Department of Labor reports. At this rate of growth, it will take 87 years to get to 100 percent. That鈥檚 the year 2102.
And when it comes to childcare, the numbers simply don鈥檛 work: are second only to mortgage or rent for most families. The cost of infant care exceeds the cost of public university in more than 30 states. Some people who would like to work can鈥檛 afford to. And yet child care workers 鈥 about the same as a bell hop or parking lot attendant.
I was talking recently with Brad Harrington, director of Boston College鈥檚 Center for Work and Family who has pioneered much of the research on the evolving roles of men and fatherhood. We were lamenting how, when you say 鈥渨ork-life,鈥 or 鈥渨ork-family,鈥 people鈥檚 eyes tend to glaze over. Up rises the specter of that woman in a power business suit, wearing heels and wielding a shopping cart. We wondered if what we needed to grab people鈥檚 attention, and convince them how central these issues are, is new language.
But I鈥檝e come to see that it鈥檚 not vocabulary that needs changing. It鈥檚 our thinking. That these issues have languished so long on the Mommy track/Women鈥檚 Initiative backwater is nothing short of a colossal failure of imagination. Now it鈥檚 up to all of us to get real, to think bigger, and begin to make the real changes we all need in order to live a good life not in 2102, but in 2016.