Bilingual Early Ed on the Rise: Beneficial for All, Vital for DLLs
Across the country, dual immersion programs are on the rise with growing investments from districts and聽聽to produce bilingual, biliterate students.聽,听, and聽, for example, all substantially increased their dual immersion offerings for elementary students聽at the year’s start.
What explains the rise in dual immersion programs? And how do all learners, and dual language learners (DLLs) in particular, stand to聽?
The White House聽Task Force聽on 麻豆果冻传媒ns Educational and Linguistic Integration explored answers to these questions in a recent聽, 鈥淭he Benefits of Dual Language Learning.鈥 Libia Gil, the Department of Education鈥檚 Director of the Office of English Language Acquisition, stressed a federal commitment to bilingual, biliterate education as a means to support DLLs. She shared the Department鈥檚 proposal of a 7-pronged framework, a strategy to ensure DLLs become 鈥渃ollege and career ready for a global society by building on students鈥 linguistic and cultural assets.鈥 One key component of that framework: the need to 鈥渋dentify effective approaches that integrate native languages and cultures to promote multi-literacy.鈥
The reasons to prioritize multilingualism in this way are manifold. All students, not just DLLs, stand to reap the benefits of what has been dubbed 鈥.鈥 As Guadalupe Vald茅s, Professor of Education at Stanford University, reviewed in the webinar, research increasingly suggests that聽聽greater executive function skills, creativity, and better awareness of how language can be used (鈥渕etalinguistic understanding鈥).
The cognitive benefits of bilingualism for all learners are exciting. And, dual immersion programs have shown to be聽聽for the academic achievement of DLLs in particular. Counter to 鈥渟ink-or-swim鈥 English-only聽, dual immersion models are 鈥溾 for supporting DLLs’ acquisition of English. With the caveat that development of English language proficiency may be slower in the early grades,听聽show that DLLs in dual language education overtake DLLs in English-only programs in reading achievement scores by the fifth grade.
In this sense, dual language learning is not just a cognitive bonus but an issue of equity. It is about giving DLLs an equally effective education as their monolingual English-speaking peers, one that will support them to thrive academically.
However, practically speaking, the kinds of arguments necessary to drum up support and build political will for expanding dual immersion will not always revolve around appeals to justice for DLLs. Instead, arguments for bilingual learning have proven potent when framed in terms of the academic, economic, and cultural value of multilingualism for all learners in a global society.
For example, the webinar highlighted the expansion of dual language immersion in Utah, an unlikely champion of dual immersion programs. In 2008, a bill introduced by Republican state senator, Howard Stephenson, created the Dual Language Immersion Program with a legislative line item. Inspired by a visit to China where he saw Chinese students speaking English fluently, Stephenson that multilingualism would be good for business in the state and would allow students to connect with the global community.
Now, around 28,000 students currently participate in 138 dual language programs around Utah.
And how much does this all cost the state? Not much, according to Gregg Roberts, World Language and Dual Language Immersion Specialist for Utah鈥檚 Department of Education. He noted in the webinar that the Utah has the lowest levels of per-pupil spending in the country, and the dual immersion program has cost only an additional $100 per pupil each year.
鈥淚f Utah can do a dual language program, any state listening today can create a dual language immersion program through the legislative process. It is all about creating the political will,鈥 Roberts said.
The Utah legislature was not galvanized to action in the name of meeting DLLs鈥 needs. But DLLs are benefiting from their action nonetheless. DLLs are only of Utah鈥檚 population, but many are enrolled in these dual immersion programs, Roberts said. These are programs that serve native and non-native English speakers in an integrated setting. Consider: out of the 73 Spanish dual immersion offerings in the state, 30 are two-way programs. That means half of the students are native Spanish speakers and half are native English speakers.
So, while advocates in Utah employed a more universal call for multilingualism鈥攊nstead of focusing on the needs of DLLs exclusively鈥擠LLs still win out. Increased access for everyone means increased access for DLLs.
Of course, there are substantial challenges to expanding access to dual language immersion, including鈥攎ost critically鈥攁 shortage of . But broadening access to multilingual instruction should be a priority. Otherwise, multilingualism risks becoming another privilege that benefits some while in a different part of town.
The Department of Education鈥檚 spotlight on the benefits of learning multiple languages raises the national visibility of an important issue that is already gaining momentum on the ground level. The of dual language learning make it a compelling option for all students, one we cannot afford to ignore.
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This post is part of 麻豆果冻传媒鈥檚 Dual Language Learner National Work Group. . To subscribe to the biweekly newsletter, , enter your contact information, and select 鈥淓ducation Policy.鈥“